Jeep patriot p0456 - About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright ...

 
5465 posts · Joined 2012. #4 · Oct 23, 2013. If you are 100% positive that it's not the cap (i bet it is) then you have a large evap leak somewhere. Lots of good info on the web, 99% point to a bad cap. P0457 Jeep EVAP System Loose Fuel Cap OBDII Engine Light Trouble Code | Engine-Codes.com. Like. bigcat.. Beacon cinema pittsfield ma showtimes

Usually this P0456 code is caused by an incorrect or faulty gas cap. Filling the fuel tank with the engine running could conceivable cause this code as well or if the cap wasn't properly tightened. Any of the following could also be the cause: A small leak in any of the EVAP hoses or fuel tank hoses.American Flag Crafts and Activities for Kids help celebrate the family's favorite summer holiday, the Fourth of July. See patriotic activities here. Advertisement American Flag Cra...Jan 14, 2012 · Stonent Discussion starter. 450 posts · Joined 2010. #1 · Jan 14, 2012. A few days ago the Jeep stalled while in a low speed turn and I was pulling misfires and crank sensor codes. Along with the traction control light being lit. I limped home with the engine light flashing and dinging. I cleared the computer and let it sit for an hour and it ... The park, along with Peak Wilderness Protected Area and Knuckles Conservation Forest, make a World Heritage Site called The Central Highlands of Sri Lanka. To see the end of the wo...Oct 23, 2013 · 5465 posts · Joined 2012. #4 · Oct 23, 2013. If you are 100% positive that it's not the cap (i bet it is) then you have a large evap leak somewhere. Lots of good info on the web, 99% point to a bad cap. P0457 Jeep EVAP System Loose Fuel Cap OBDII Engine Light Trouble Code | Engine-Codes.com. Like. bigcat. 2008 Jeep Patriot, 2.4-L engine with a T-355 manual transmission (front-wheel drive)Of the Autozone options to purchase an EVAP purge valve, which one is the exact fit for my 2008 Patriot with VIN num ... Have a …Whether you’re in the market for a mid-sized SUV or want to learn more about the Jeep brand, this simple guide will help you gain a basic understanding of the Jeep Grand Cherokee. ...=====Claim your FREE engine code eraser 👉 https://free.nonda.co 👈=====Engine Code JEEP P0404 Saving Repair...I have a 2007 patriot that has had the check engine light come on about eight times in 80000 kms. The dealer has been unable to find any problems with the fuel system. All they did was put a new gas cap on. The code that came up is P0456. The fuel lines were pressure tested with no leaks detected. Can anyone out there give me some …2 posts · Joined 2021. #1 · Nov 28, 2021. Newbie here. Not mechanically knowledgeable. Just bought my 2014 Patriot used. Passed inspection but now check engine light came on (steady) and took to dealer who pulled this code PO420. Dealer wants 1570 for new maniverter catalytic converter. Reset light, but it came on again.Jeep P0456 Code is a common diagnostic trouble code (DTC) that is specific to Jeep vehicles. It indicates a small leak in the fuel vapor system, particularly in the evaporative emission (EVAP) system.Here is how to reset your code: To reset your engine codes: Remove the negative terminal of your battery (10mm wrench). Turn your ignition key to START and hold it there for about 15 seconds. Turn your ignition key to OFF and remove it. Connect the negative terminal of your battery. Start but do not hit the throttle.Patriot_69 Discussion starter. 185 posts · Joined 2022. #1 · Sep 8, 2023. Does anyone here know what p0455 actually is is it because of maybe bad gas cap or is it my purge valve I did have the gas cap pop up on my odometer a couple times in the past few months but from what I'm thinking this is the purge valve because I also smell gas …EDIT: Fixed. Original post follows summation: Intermittent limp mode with two warning lights: the red throttle lightning bolt and the traction control light. One code: P2173. No pattern, could go hours or even a couple of weeks. Shutting down and cycling the throttle would restore it until the next incident. Replacing the throttle body fixed it.P0456 on Some Jeep Vehicles. Code P0456 may appear on some Jeep vehicles like the 2014 Jeep Grand Cherokee Laredo 3.6L V6. In diagnosing the vehicle’s EVAP system, take note that the Emission System Integrity Monitor (ESIM) Switch alone is used for all leak check diagnostics. The FTP Sensor is not used for diagnosing the …Jeep 2011 Patriot Latitude X 4.2 4x4 W/O Crawl and trans went out...would not move, codes P0777, P0730 and P0746 . I pulled it out and tore it down and found that it had trashed the primary variator. Got me a ATSG CVT2 book and went to work. Replace the p. v. with a rebuilt one, tore down the s. v. replaced all bearings put in a mater rebuilt ...Today: LET THE PROBLEMS BEGIN!!! My engine light tripped and I got po455 (p0455) Gross Evap Leak. In my old Volvo It was a cheap little purge valve Right on top of the engine 20 bucks and no tools needed. When I posted on the Volvo forum I got a half dozen responses immediately, all saying the exact same thing.Jan 12, 2012 · Usually this P0456 code is caused by an incorrect or faulty gas cap. Filling the fuel tank with the engine running could conceivable cause this code as well or if the cap wasn't properly tightened. Any of the following could also be the cause: A small leak in any of the EVAP hoses or fuel tank hoses. A small leak in the purge valve or vent valve. Mar 25, 2024 · To diagnose the P0456 Jeep code, it typically requires 1.0 hour of labor. The specific diagnosis time and labor rates at auto repair shops can differ based on factors such as the location, make and model of the vehicle, and even the engine type. It is common for most auto repair shops to charge between $75 and $150 per hour. The P0456 is a generic code stating that the Engine Control Module (ECM) detected a small leak from the evaporative system. This leak was detected during a self …P0456 small evap leak - code that caused my check engine light to come on... Constant, NOT blinking. 2013 jeep patriot. - Answered by a verified Auto Mechanic107. 9.5K views 1 year ago STRATHCONA COUNTY. Ok, it's a gamble. But a dealership will likely charge at least an hour labour to diagnose this P0456 Small Evap …The P0456 engine code means that the pressure has decreased in the Evaporative Emissions System (EVAP system), which is potentially caused by fuel vapors escaping the fuel tank and...Apr 27, 2023 · 22 posts · Joined 2023. #1 · Apr 27, 2023. Before I throw a bunch of time and money at it I figured I'd ask my Jeep guru's first. 2010 Jeep Patriot just started trowing the P0456 code. Was fine when I parked it the other day, started it and bingo the check engine light was on. Scanned it and this was the code P0456. 34 posts · Joined 2011. #9 · Sep 16, 2016 (Edited) First, check the fuel filler neck to make sure it's not rusty. I fixed my P0456 code with a 2 inch square piece of flat marble tile and some 800 grit sandpaper. Place a piece of rag in the fuel filler neck to prevent the grit from going down into the tank.The P0456 code in a Jeep Wrangler indicates a small leak in the EVAP system. This could be due to a loose or damaged gas cap, a damaged EVAP line, or a faulty EVAP canister. It is important to address this issue as it can cause damage to other parts of the vehicle and increase emissions.Need help setting up Patriot Payroll? Read our guide that lists the basic steps to set up and run payroll with Patriot. Human Resources | How To REVIEWED BY: Charlette Beasley Char...Aug 11, 2020 ... The check engine light came back on the Jeep SRT. P0456 and P0400. In this video we replace the ESIM to attempt to fix the check engine ...November 6, 2018 by Jason. P0457 is a somewhat common trouble code with the Jeep Cherokee. This code references a number that is given to you when you plug your Cherokee into a OBDII scanner. P0457 Indicates that there is a leak in the Evaporative Emission Control (EVAP) System. It is similar to P0455 (large leak) and P0456 (small leak)=====Claim your FREE engine code eraser 👉 https://free.nonda.co 👈=====Engine Code JEEP P0038 Saving Repair ...Flamerbyrd667. 1 post · Joined 2022. #9 · Jul 1, 2022. I had this issue with my 2015 Jeep Renegade and had to replace the filler neck because of it is loose it can leak fuel and yes it will cause an small EVAP leak code P0456. I am still having the light come on even though the filler neck has been replaced and the sensor itself.The P0456 code is indeed a leak detected somewhere in the EVAP system. That system catches the fuel vapors from the fuel tank and reroute them to the engine inlet to burn them off. The purge solenoid controls the flow of vapors (or in fact the PCM controls it by pulsing the purge solenoid) Frank. JEEP Grand Cherokee 4.7 Lmtd 2004:thumbsup:In today’s competitive market, finding a reliable and trustworthy brand is essential. When it comes to purchasing supplies for emergency preparedness, Patriot Supply is a name that...November 6, 2018 by Jason. P0457 is a somewhat common trouble code with the Jeep Patriot. This code references a number that is given to you when you plug your Patriot into a OBDII scanner. P0457 Indicates that there is a leak in the Evaporative Emission Control (EVAP) System. It is similar to P0455 (large leak) and P0456 (small leak)If you’re in the market for a Jeep and looking to buy one from a private owner, there are some common mistakes to avoid. While purchasing a Jeep from a private seller can often lea...This week in the NFL, it's the Patriots vs Lions, Eagles vs Colts, and Cowboys vs Seahawks. Here's how to watch NFL games for free online. By clicking "TRY IT", I agree to receive ...Issue with EVAP system CEL code P0441. Hi everyone, my wife owns a 2.0L 2013 jeep patriot. Last year at this time her car threw CEL code P0441. I fixed this problem by replacing the gas cap. The light went off and all was good. Recently ive been getting the same CEL issue. I tried cleaning the gas cap area extensively and greasing the rubber o ...Jeep Patriot Purge Valve Replacement Cost The average cost for a Jeep Patriot Purge Valve Replacement is between $96 and $107. Labor costs are estimated between $44 and $56 while parts are typically priced around $52. This range does not include taxes and fees, and does not factor in your unique location. Related repairs may also be needed.If your check enging light come on again for this code, WARNINGS. UPDATE P0456 VIDEO HERE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vugdjkZlZkM&list=UUSIdv7pEKV2jxJvI...Engine light came back on with Code P0456 and the words GAS CAP have appeared. I have cleaned the area and installed a new gas cap and replaced the purge valve. What should be the next step? ... Join our community to discuss the Jeep Patriot & Jeep Compass. Find answers to all your Jeep Patriot technical questions. Show Less . …There are seven Jeep models as of 2015, including the Compass, Cherokee, Grand Cherokee and Patriot. The other models are the Wrangler, Wrangler Unlimited and the Renegade. Each Je...5465 posts · Joined 2012. #4 · Oct 23, 2013. If you are 100% positive that it's not the cap (i bet it is) then you have a large evap leak somewhere. Lots of good info on the web, 99% point to a bad cap. P0457 Jeep EVAP System Loose Fuel Cap OBDII Engine Light Trouble Code | Engine-Codes.com. Like. bigcat.Nov 29, 2023 · The Jeep Liberty code P0456 indicates a small evaporative emissions system leak. It can be caused by a loose or damaged gas cap. When your Jeep Liberty’s check engine light comes on and displays the code P0456, it means that the onboard diagnostics system has detected a small leak in the evaporative emissions system. 140 Technical Service Bulletins (TSBs) have been issued for the 2014 Jeep Patriot. CarComplaints.com: Car complaints, ... (SLVT) - P0456-EVAP SYSTEM SMALL LEAK Read More ...P0456 Causes. There are many potential causes of code P0456. Loose or damaged gas cap; Leaking or disconnected EVAP hose; Faulty purge volume control …December 8, 2023 by Jason. What It Is: The P0456 code in your Jeep Wrangler, identified using an OBDII scanner, indicates a small leak in the evaporative emission control system. It is often associated with codes like P0420, P0441, and P0440. Impact: P0456 typically doesn’t pose an immediate threat to your Wrangler’s driveability, … 07 Jeep Patriot / Replace the vapor canister leak detection pump (P0455, P0456) Jan 25, 2024 · 1. Check the gas cap: Ensure that the gas cap is properly tightened and not damaged. A loose or faulty gas cap can trigger the P0456 code. 2. Inspect the EVAP system hoses: Look for any visible signs of cracks, leaks, or damage in the EVAP system hoses. Tighten or replace any faulty hoses as necessary. 3. Jeep P0456 Code is a common diagnostic trouble code (DTC) that is specific to Jeep vehicles. It indicates a small leak in the fuel vapor system, particularly in …There are seven Jeep models as of 2015, including the Compass, Cherokee, Grand Cherokee and Patriot. The other models are the Wrangler, Wrangler Unlimited and the Renegade. Each Je...Here is how to reset your code: To reset your engine codes: Remove the negative terminal of your battery (10mm wrench). Turn your ignition key to START and hold it there for about 15 seconds. Turn your ignition key to OFF and remove it. Connect the negative terminal of your battery. Start but do not hit the throttle.November 6, 2018 by Jason. P0457 is a somewhat common trouble code with the Jeep Wrangler. This code references a number that is given to you when you plug your Wrangler into a OBDII scanner. P0457 Indicates that there is a leak in the Evaporative Emission Control (EVAP) System. It is similar to P0455 (large leak) and P0456 (small leak)Code P0456 Next Step Jump to Latest Follow 279 views 2 replies 3 participants last post by todde702 Mar 19, 2024Possible easy fix for evap system engine fault codes and the “gascap” message on the dashboard for the Jeep Compass, Patriot.The Meaning of Jeep Code P0441. ... In my article on the P0456 Jeep code, I briefly explained the role of the Evaporative Emission Control System (or EVAP) in a vehicle. It is an environmental safeguard and a preventive measure against toxic fumes infiltrating the cabin. In that post, I have also established that the EVAP consists of a …2015 2.4L 91k miles. check engine light came on, had it scanned, came back with a p0456. double checked that my gas cap was on and tight, don't see any visible leaks. car runs fine, no issues. couple days later, check engine light is off, still had it checked out by dealership and had them do a smoke test. they pulled same code and say that ...#1 · Nov 26, 2018. So, I’ve been getting this code for a couple of months (very small leak detected), and like some, I opted to replace the leak detector piece inside the drivers side wheel wheel, clear the code, then see if it comes back. Cost me $25 and my time. Well, it came back.Some of the most commonly reported problems with a Jeep Patriot include water leaks from the front or rear roof, and the engine does not start due to a wireless control module faul...November 6, 2018 by Jason. P0457 is a somewhat common trouble code with the Jeep Patriot. This code references a number that is given to you when you plug your Patriot into a OBDII scanner. P0457 Indicates that there is a leak in the Evaporative Emission Control (EVAP) System. It is similar to P0455 (large leak) and P0456 (small leak)The Code P0441 in a Jeep Patriot indicates an issue with the Evaporative Emission Control System. This code refers to an incorrect purge flow in the system. If you are experiencing this code, it is recommended to inspect the gas cap for proper sealing and check for any leaks in the system. Additionally, you may need to replace the purge valve ...The P0456 code is a diagnostic trouble code related to the evaporative emission system in a vehicle. It indicates that there is a small leak somewhere in the system, usually in the fuel tank, fuel lines, or fuel cap. This code is commonly found in vehicles with a gross weight rating of less than 10,000 pounds, and it can be triggered by …The Meaning of Jeep Code P0441. ... In my article on the P0456 Jeep code, I briefly explained the role of the Evaporative Emission Control System (or EVAP) in a vehicle. It is an environmental safeguard and a preventive measure against toxic fumes infiltrating the cabin. In that post, I have also established that the EVAP consists of a …Like the vent valve, if you cannot blow, the purge valve is adequately sealed and not responsible for showing the P0456 code. However, if you can blow through it, your purge valve might have become greasy, and possibly a leak is there too. To replace a volume control purge valve, you might need to spend about $150-$200.Patriot_69 Discussion starter. 185 posts · Joined 2022. #1 · Sep 8, 2023. Does anyone here know what p0455 actually is is it because of maybe bad gas cap or is it my purge valve I did have the gas cap pop up on my odometer a couple times in the past few months but from what I'm thinking this is the purge valve because I also smell gas when I ...If you’re in the market for a used Jeep, there are a few things you should keep in mind before making your purchase. Jeeps are known for their ruggedness and off-road capabilities,...=====Claim your FREE engine code eraser 👉 https://free.nonda.co 👈=====Engine Code JEEP P0038 Saving Repair ...Jun 4, 2019 · TJ Enthusiast. Just thought I would share what I went through and what actually solved a pesky P0456 Evap Small Leak I was getting on my 2006 X with 4.0L engine. For information, according to the manual, the test for the evap system will only run on a cold start and only if the fuel tank is somewhere between 3/4 and 1/4 full. This week, certain key sections of the notorious Patriot Act—the law that gives the NSA its snooping powers—automatically expired. Don’t get too excited just yet, though: they’re p...The canister purge valve (CPV), also known as a purge valve solenoid, is a main component of the evaporative emissions (EVAP) system which recirculates fuel vapor from the fuel tank to the engine intake manifold. This process helps reduce emissions and increase fuel economy in the vehicle by reducing fuel loss due to evaporation.Today at the shop we had a 2017 Jeep Patriot in for a check engine light with a P0456 code. We go through testing procedures to find out the culprit. It ende...In the case of P0456, it is a small leak, less than .020” in diameter. P0456 Causes. There are many potential causes of code P0456. Loose or damaged gas cap; Leaking or disconnected EVAP hose; Faulty purge volume control valve; Faulty canister vent control valve; Charcoal canister leak; Leaking fuel tank; P0456 Symptoms. Check Engine Light is on What does code P0456 mean on a Jeep Patriot? Code P0456 means you're encountering insufficent suction within your fuel system. This is checked by a sensor connected to the powertrain control module or Engine Control Unit – computers that keep tabs on the functioning of your engine. 107. 9.5K views 1 year ago STRATHCONA COUNTY. Ok, it's a gamble. But a dealership will likely charge at least an hour labour to diagnose this P0456 Small Evap …Nov 6, 2018 · November 6, 2018 by Jason. P0457 is a somewhat common trouble code with the Jeep Patriot. This code references a number that is given to you when you plug your Patriot into a OBDII scanner. P0457 Indicates that there is a leak in the Evaporative Emission Control (EVAP) System. It is similar to P0455 (large leak) and P0456 (small leak) Code Number Code Description Related Codes P0456 Evaporative Emission Control (EVAP) System Leak Detected (Very Small Leak) P0442 - EVAP Leak Detected (Small Leak)JauntyBishop said: Recently had a P0456 (evap small leak) CEL and was told its most likely the ESIM (evap system integrity module) aka leak detection pump that was faulty. So I spent the $30 and took around 40-45mins to install. You'll need a 22mm socket to remove the rear wheel, a push pin/clip removal tool, and a 10mm socket to …Are you looking for a way to get away from the hustle and bustle of everyday life and enjoy the great outdoors? Patriot Getaways is the perfect destination for your next vacation. ...Mar 9, 2020 · LouOfTheJeep. 341 posts · Joined 2014. #2 · Mar 9, 2020. First off, make sure that you don't try to fill the tank more after the pump shuts off automatically as this can cause problems. Secondly, look at the filler tube where the gas cap sits to inspect for erosion or debris that will prevent the gas cap from sealing. With COVID-19 infections climbing in the U.S., officials are desperate for ways to track and control the spread, especially with limited testing available. Google and Apple announc...1477 posts · Joined 2007. #1 · Feb 22, 2008. So this morning as I am pulling out of my driveway my check engine light came on. Stopped at Autozone on the way into work and pulled the code...P0456. I was told it is the gas cap...so I drove to work, took the gas cap off, put it back on, clicked it about 8 times, disconnected the battery ...Jeep 2011 Patriot Latitude X 4.2 4x4 W/O Crawl and trans went out...would not move, codes P0777, P0730 and P0746 . I pulled it out and tore it down and found that it had trashed the primary variator. Got me a ATSG CVT2 book and went to work. Replace the p. v. with a rebuilt one, tore down the s. v. replaced all bearings put in a mater rebuilt ...Evap p0440. I have a code on my Jeep 2014 Grand Cherokee. It's read with Torque as P0440, evap emissions system. I have inspected the intake solenoid and tubing in the engine bay and I feel like that is fine. Traditional guidance say check your gas cap. Well we don't have a gas cap, but the capless system seems to be closed up correctly …A failure to maintain the correct fuel tank pressure results in trouble code P0456. This means that a leak is allowing vapors to escape, either directly from the fuel tank or from related hoses and parts.TJ Enthusiast. Just thought I would share what I went through and what actually solved a pesky P0456 Evap Small Leak I was getting on my 2006 X with 4.0L engine. For information, according to the manual, the test for the evap system will only run on a cold start and only if the fuel tank is somewhere between 3/4 and 1/4 full.A failure to maintain the correct fuel tank pressure results in trouble code P0456. This means that a leak is allowing vapors to escape, either directly from the fuel tank or from related hoses and parts.Jan 29, 2022 · When left unattended, a P0456 Jeep code can lead to compounded performance issues and huge repair expenses. That said, it is best to pick up on its symptoms early on. P0456 Jeep code symptoms include: A triggered Check Engine Light. Starting difficulties. Fuel odors in your cabin. Summary: Chrysler (FCA US LLC) is recalling certain model year 2011-2014 Chrysler 200, 2010 Chrysler Sebring, 2010-2012 Dodge Caliber and 2010-2014 Jeep Patriot, Compass and Dodge Avenger vehicles ...

P0456 Indicates a small leak in the Jeep Grand Cherokee’s evaporative emission control (EVAP) system. While the trouble code may state that there is a “small leak” in the EVAP system of your Jeep Grand Cherokee, it is actually referring to the amount of pressure loss and not the physical size of the leak. P0456 is normally not an …. East west connector theater

jeep patriot p0456

Diagnosing a P161B code Jeep Patriot can take up to 1.0 hour of labor. The cost of the diagnosis will vary depending on the location, make and model of the vehicle, as well as the engine type. Generally speaking, most auto repair shops charge between $75 and $150 per hour for their diagnosis time and labor rates. It is important to check with ...Feb 10, 2020 · February 10, 2020 by Jason. P0522 is an OBD2 diagnostic code that is triggered when your Jeep Patriot detects that the value being sent from the oil pressure sensor is below its normal operating ranged. It is typically caused by a bad oil pressure sensor or an issue with the oil system, and should be diagnosed and fixed right away. Aug 4, 2014 ... HI Everyone: Today I have a 2007 Jeep Patriot with a 2.4L engine. The check engine light is on with codes P2004 and P2017.The P0456 code is a diagnostic trouble code related to the evaporative emission system in a vehicle. It indicates that there is a small leak somewhere in the system, usually in the fuel tank, fuel lines, or fuel cap. This code is commonly found in vehicles with a gross weight rating of less than 10,000 pounds, and it can be triggered by …Need help setting up Patriot Payroll? Read our guide that lists the basic steps to set up and run payroll with Patriot. Human Resources | How To REVIEWED BY: Charlette Beasley Char...EDIT: Fixed. Original post follows summation: Intermittent limp mode with two warning lights: the red throttle lightning bolt and the traction control light. One code: P2173. No pattern, could go hours or even a couple of weeks. Shutting down and cycling the throttle would restore it until the next incident. Replacing the throttle body fixed it.P0456 on Some Jeep Vehicles. Code P0456 may appear on some Jeep vehicles like the 2014 Jeep Grand Cherokee Laredo 3.6L V6. In diagnosing the vehicle’s EVAP system, take note that the Emission System Integrity Monitor (ESIM) Switch alone is used for all leak check diagnostics. The FTP Sensor is not used for diagnosing the …Vehicle: 2013 Jeep Patriot Latitude 2.4I CVT w/ 60k miles Background: About 6 months ago, my Patriot went into limp mode with a couple lights illuminated (4X4 and ETC but no CEL). After some research I determined it was a malfunctioning throttle body. I replaced the throttle body, and that issue was resolved.Watch the third part of our series on diagnosing a P0456. After smoking the EVAP system, the EVAP canister was found to be cracked. We now show you how to re...#p0456 #howtoreplace #howtofix #jeepcompassTUTORIAL ON PURGE VALVE REPLACEMENT IN JEEP COMPASS 2007-2017.AND TO FIX ENGINE LIGHT CODE P0456 AND P0455 EVAP ...American Flag Crafts and Activities for Kids help celebrate the family's favorite summer holiday, the Fourth of July. See patriotic activities here. Advertisement American Flag Cra...In this video I have a look at a customers Jeep Compass with the engine light on and the check gas cap light on with a P0456 for a small EVAP leak. These are...Are you dreaming of a tranquil escape to the mountains? Look no further than Patriot Getaways Cabins. Nestled in the heart of picturesque mountain ranges, Patriot Getaways offers a...Aug 26, 2019 ... In this video, I show where you can develop an EVAP leak from. On the rear top portion of the gas tank, there is a vent assembly that has ....

Popular Topics